Building a Legal Foundation
Fux earned his law degree from Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), launching a career that would span several decades and reach the highest levels of Brazil's judiciary. His early professional years demonstrated considerable range: he worked as an attorney for Shell, served as a prosecutor, and accumulated experience as a judge before ascending to appellate work.
Ascending the Judicial Ladder
In 1997, Fux earned appointment as an appeals court justice to the Court of Justice of Rio de Janeiro, marking his entry into Brazil's senior judiciary. Four years later, in 2001, President Fernando Henrique Cardoso elevated him to the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), one of Brazil's two apex courts. A decade after that, in 2011, President Dilma Rousseff appointed him to the Supreme Federal Court (STF) — the Supremo Tribunal Federal — placing him among the eleven justices who serve as the final arbiters of Brazil's constitutional order.
Independence on the Bench
On the bench, Fux favors in-person deliberations for complex or consequential matters, reserving virtual sessions for routine proceedings. His judicial independence has surfaced in several high-profile cases. In the sentencing debates surrounding the January 8, 2023 incidents — during which fellow Justice Alexandre de Moraes proposed a fourteen-year sentence for defendant Débora dos Santos — Fux advocated for a penalty of one year and six months, reflecting a distinctly measured stance. In the proceedings involving former President Jair Bolsonaro, as of September 2025, Fux stood as the sole justice on the court to oppose precautionary measures against the former president, including electronic monitoring, further cementing his reputation for independent judicial reasoning.